Env vars not correct when using vncserver

I use vncserver to connect to a remote server with installed MATE DE. When I connect using VNC and start MATE-Terminal, some env vars are not set correctly:

sh-5.0$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/bin

missing sbin, so I can’t start any programs, like ifconfig

sh-5.0$ echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS
(nothing)

ALL XDG vars are not set

This is my ~/.vnc/xstartup:
#!/bin/sh

#unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
#exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
mate-session &

Any idea what goes wrong here?

ls -l /etc/profile ${HOME}/.bash*
getent passwd ${USER}
cp -v -R -f /etc/skel/. ${HOME}

Don’t know why, but PATH is now set correctly, but $XDG_DATA_DIRS and $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS are still empty.

[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ echo $PATH
/home/simon/.local/bin:/home/simon/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ echo $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ ls -l /etc/profile ${HOME}/.bash*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root  2105  9. Apr 09:47 /etc/profile
-rw-------. 1 simon simon 5533 15. Jul 02:30 /home/simon/.bash_history
-rw-r--r--. 1 simon simon   18 13. Mai 14:16 /home/simon/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 simon simon  141 13. Mai 14:16 /home/simon/.bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 simon simon  376 13. Mai 14:16 /home/simon/.bashrc
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ getent passwd $HOME
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ getenv passwd $HOME
-bash: getenv: Kommando nicht gefunden.
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ cp -v -R -f /etc/skel/. ${HOME}
'/etc/skel/./.cloud-locale-test.skip' -> '/home/simon/./.cloud-locale-test.skip'
'/etc/skel/./.bash_logout' -> '/home/simon/./.bash_logout'
'/etc/skel/./.bash_profile' -> '/home/simon/./.bash_profile'
'/etc/skel/./.bashrc' -> '/home/simon/./.bashrc'
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ echo $PATH
/home/simon/.local/bin:/home/simon/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin
 [simon@DesktopPC ~]$ ls -l /etc/profile ${HOME}/.bash*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root  2105  9. Apr 09:47 /etc/profile
-rw-------. 1 simon simon 5533 15. Jul 02:30 /home/simon/.bash_history
-rw-r--r--. 1 simon simon   18 15. Jul 12:08 /home/simon/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 simon simon  141 15. Jul 12:08 /home/simon/.bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 simon simon  376 15. Jul 12:08 /home/simon/.bashrc
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$ echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS
[simon@DesktopPC ~]$
grep -r -e XDG_DATA_DIRS= /etc/profile*

Neither of those are normally set by default.

Are you sure? Is it not set by Mate?

# grep -r -e XDG_DATA_DIRS= /etc/profile*
/etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh:    XDG_DATA_DIRS="${new_dirs:+${new_dirs}:}${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/local/share:/usr/share}"

# rpm -q -f /etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh
flatpak-1.4.2-2.fc30.x86_64