This sounds like a DNS error, or issue with your virtual network adapter or general network issue. Is your Fedora guest otherwise “online”? You can surf the web and lookup domains (nslookup google.com)
re DNS, look at: DNS resolution broken - #2 by vgaetera and Resolvectl connection timed out but google chrome working fine
You said the ping took long, can you ping from your host OS?
That host OS is outdated, maybe Virtualbox does not support it anymore, you should upgrade to Win10 (0$).